ocr: (a) Factor out: a constant, (0) Negate, Le., change the sign. (C) Decompose; ie., distribute over sums associate). (d) Linear suostitution. (e) Expand-take the power of a summalion. ( Combine factors; ie. combine lactors of the umerator and denominator cf the integrand. (g) Divide polynomiais; Le., if Pi(v) and P2(v) aro polynomals such that the degree of Patv)does not exceed the degree of Pr(v).then go calculato IPO P(U du- JiO) RU) P( ldv where Qvand R(vare the polynomial quotient and remainder respectively oblained by fully dividing out the fraction Prv/P2(v). (h) Hall angle dentites, Le,, ...